I never proselytize running. However, when an acquaintance expressed curiosity about my running and an interest in starting, I thought to create this set of references for her. Our brain makes up 2% or less of our body by weight, yet we spend so much time pursuing careers, distracting it with idle entertainment, educating it, or just polluting it. At the same time, we neglect our body by not making it move or poisoning it with foods laced with sugar, fat, salt, or alcohol. As a result,  life expectancy in the U.S. is declining, and prescription drug-managed morbidity is increasing. As a result, the typical U.S. female will spend half her lifetime health care expenditures after age 65.

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A singular feature of NOVA is its identification of ultra-processed food and drink products. These are not modified foods, but formulations mostly of cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives, using a series of processes (hence ‘ultra-processed’). All together, they are energy-dense, high in unhealthy types of fat, refined starches, free sugars and salt, and poor sources of protein, dietary fibre and micronutrients. Ultra-processed products are made to be hyper-palatable and attractive, with long shelf-life, and able to be consumed anywhere, any time. Their formulation, presentation and marketing often promote overconsumption.

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